Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious bacterial infection that can affect children of any age, but the risk is highest in those under two years old. Compared to adults, children are more likely to get TB infection, develop TB disease, and experience severe forms of TB. Early recognition and treatment are very important, as TB can affect a child’s growth and overall health.
If you suspect your child might have TB, Hope Plus can connect you to a licensed healthcare provider in minutes. Through Hope Plus, you can have a consultation where a professional will assess your child’s symptoms, recommend tests, and guide you on the best treatment plan.
Key Takeaways
- Children under five, especially those under one year or without BCG vaccination, are at higher risk of severe TB.
- TB in children often develops after close contact with someone who has active pulmonary TB.
- Symptoms include prolonged fever, cough, poor weight gain, reduced playfulness, and swollen lymph nodes.
- Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and tests like GeneXpert when available.
- Treating TB in children not only cures the infection but also supports healthy growth and development.
Risk Factors for TB in Children
Children are more likely to develop TB if they:
- Have been in close contact with someone with active pulmonary TB
- Are under five years old
- Have weakened immunity due to HIV, malnutrition, diabetes, or other conditions
- Are under one year old and have not received BCG vaccination
Symptoms of TB in Children
Healthcare providers suspect TB in children who have:
- Fever lasting more than two weeks
- Cough lasting more than two weeks
- Poor weight gain over one month
- Close contact with a household member who has pulmonary TB
In younger children, TB may also cause:
- Reduced playfulness or activity
- Poor feeding
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or other areas
Diagnosis
Diagnosing TB in children is more challenging than in adults. It usually involves:
- Detailed clinical assessment by a healthcare provider
- Use of tests such as GeneXpert, when possible, to detect TB bacteria
- Additional supportive tests or imaging if needed
Treatment and Management
The principles of TB treatment in children are similar to adults, but treatment is carefully adjusted for the child’s age and weight. Effective treatment:
- Clears the TB infection
- Prevents the spread of TB to others
- Supports the child’s growth and development
Healthcare providers ensure children complete the full course of TB medication and monitor them closely to avoid complications.
Prevention
- Ensure children receive BCG vaccination at birth
- Minimise exposure to people with active pulmonary TB
- Maintain good nutrition and immune health
- Regular health check-ups if a household member has TB
FAQ About TB in Children
1. Can young children get TB easily?
Yes, children under five, especially under one year, are more vulnerable to TB infection and severe disease.
2. What are the early signs of TB in children?
Prolonged fever, cough, poor weight gain, decreased activity, and swollen lymph nodes.
3. How is TB diagnosed in children?
Through a detailed clinical assessment, supported by tests such as GeneXpert or other laboratory and imaging tests.
4. Can TB affect a child’s growth?
Yes, untreated TB can slow growth and affect development. Proper treatment promotes recovery and healthy growth.
5. How long does treatment last for children?
Treatment duration depends on the type of TB but usually ranges from 6 to 9 months under supervision.
6. Can children spread TB to others?
Children with pulmonary TB can spread bacteria, but young children are less infectious than adults.
7. Can TB in children be prevented?
Yes, vaccination with BCG, avoiding contact with TB patients, and ensuring good nutrition are key preventive measures.
