Influenza, commonly called the flu, is a contagious respiratory infection that spreads quickly during epidemics and occasionally pandemics. It can be caused by viruses from animals like pigs and birds, which sometimes mutate and spread between people. Understanding flu is important because it can cause severe illness, especially in children, the elderly, and people with other medical conditions.
If you or your child develop flu symptoms, Hope Plus can connect you to a licensed healthcare provider for a consultation within minutes. A provider can assess symptoms, recommend tests if needed, and guide you on managing the flu safely at home or in hospital. You can access this service here: Hope Plus.
Key Takeaways
- Influenza is caused by various flu viruses and spreads through droplets from coughs or sneezes.
- Symptoms usually appear suddenly and include fever, body aches, headache, and dry cough.
- Most people recover with rest, fluids, and symptom relief, but complications can occur.
- Preventive measures include avoiding sick contacts and annual vaccination for high-risk groups.
- Severe complications, such as pneumonia or heart problems, need urgent medical attention.
Causes of Influenza
- Flu viruses of different types and strains.
- Spread from person to person via droplet inhalation (coughs, sneezes, close contact).
Symptoms to Watch For
Influenza typically develops suddenly and may include:
- Headache and body aches, especially in the back and limbs
- Fever for 2–3 days with shivering
- Loss of appetite, sometimes nausea or vomiting
- Sore throat
- Dry, harsh cough
Possible Complications
Although most cases are mild, influenza can sometimes lead to:
- Secondary bacterial infections, such as bronchopneumonia
- Heart complications (toxic cardiomyopathy) and, in rare cases, sudden death
How Healthcare Providers Diagnose Influenza
Providers usually diagnose influenza based on symptoms and seasonal patterns. In some cases, tests may include:
- Viral isolation from samples
- Blood tests (viral serology) to identify the specific virus
Managing Influenza
Symptomatic Treatment
For uncomplicated cases:
- Paracetamol for fever and aches (Adults: 1 g every 4–6 hours, max 4 g/day; Children: 10 mg/kg per dose)
- Nasal congestion relief: Steam inhalation or xylometazoline nose drops (0.05–0.1%, 2–3 drops per nostril, max 5 days)
- Cough relief: Warm fluids and home remedies like honey or ginger
Special Care for Breastfeeding Children
- Clear nasal blockage with normal saline to allow feeding
- Keep the child warm and comfortable
- Breastfeed more frequently
Preventing Influenza
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick
- Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for high-risk populations, including children, elderly people, and those with chronic illnesses
- Good hygiene practices, like covering the mouth when sneezing and frequent handwashing, help prevent spread
FAQ: Common Questions About Influenza
1. Can the flu be treated with antibiotics?
No, influenza is caused by viruses, so antibiotics are not effective unless a bacterial complication develops.
2. How long does the flu last?
Symptoms usually improve within 5–7 days, though fatigue and cough can persist a little longer.
3. Can children get the flu more often than adults?
Yes, young children are more susceptible because their immune systems are still developing.
4. When should I see a doctor?
Seek care if the fever is very high, breathing becomes difficult, or complications like pneumonia are suspected.
5. Can the flu be prevented?
Yes, annual vaccination, avoiding sick contacts, and good hygiene reduce the risk of infection.
6. Can flu cause serious illness?
Yes, particularly in children, the elderly, and people with other health conditions. Complications like pneumonia or heart problems may occur.
7. Can home remedies help?
Yes, rest, hydration, warm fluids, honey, and ginger can ease symptoms, but severe cases still require medical attention.
