Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharziasis, is an infection caused by a parasite (Schistosoma) that can affect the bladder, urinary tract, or intestines. The parasite enters the body when the larvae in contaminated water penetrate the skin, often during swimming, bathing, or wading in lakes, rivers, or ponds.
If you think you might have schistosomiasis, you can get personalised advice and treatment from licensed doctors through Hope Plus, ensuring proper care and follow-up.
Symptoms You Might Notice
- Urinary schistosomiasis (S. haematobium):
- Painless blood in urine, usually noticed at the end of urination
- Frequent or painful urination
- In women, lower abdominal pain or unusual vaginal discharge
- Long-term complications can include bladder or ureter damage, kidney swelling, recurrent urinary infections, and infertility
- Intestinal schistosomiasis (S. mansoni):
- Abdominal pain and frequent stools, sometimes with blood-stained mucus
- Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
- In chronic cases, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and vomiting of blood or black stools may occur
How It Is Diagnosed
- A history of contact with freshwater bodies in endemic areas
- Urine tests to detect S. haematobium eggs
- Stool tests or rectal snip to detect S. mansoni eggs
Treatment Options
- The main treatment is Praziquantel, a single dose based on body weight (40 mg/kg).
- Patients with blockages, severe bleeding, or other complications should be referred to a hospital for specialised care.
Prevention Tips
- Avoid urinating or defecating in lakes, rivers, or ponds
- Avoid swimming, wading, or washing in contaminated water
- Treat infected individuals promptly to prevent spread
- Keep water access points clean and clear surrounding bushes to reduce exposure
