Pneumocystis Pneumonia, often called PCP, is a serious lung infection caused by a parasite known as Pneumocystis jirovecii. It mostly affects people whose immune systems are very weak, especially those living with HIV or other conditions that lower immunity.
If you are living with HIV or have frequent chest infections, it is important not to ignore symptoms like fever, dry cough, or difficulty in breathing. If you are experiencing these, you can get personalised medical advice and treatment from licensed doctors through Hope Plus to start treatment early and prevent serious complications.
Symptoms to Look Out For
PCP can develop slowly and may worsen over days or weeks. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent fever
- Dry cough that does not produce much phlegm
- Shortness of breath, which may be severe, especially when walking or doing light activities
- Fatigue and chest tightness
Because PCP causes significant breathing difficulties, it can be life-threatening if not treated quickly.
How PCP is Diagnosed
Doctors usually confirm PCP with:
- A chest X-ray, which often shows a pattern of infection in both lungs
- Other tests may be done to check oxygen levels or rule out similar lung problems
Treatment of PCP in Uganda
Treatment often involves a combination of medicines and supportive care:
- Cotrimoxazole (Septrin) is the main medicine used. It is taken in higher doses for about 21 days.
- Steroids (such as prednisolone) are often added to reduce inflammation in the lungs and make breathing easier.
- If Cotrimoxazole cannot be used (for example due to side effects or poor response), alternatives such as pentamidine, clindamycin, or dapsone may be given.
- Oxygen support is provided if blood oxygen levels are low.
With proper treatment, most people recover well, but early treatment makes a big difference.
Preventing PCP
People who have previously had PCP, or those with very weak immunity (such as advanced HIV), may be advised to take medicines daily to prevent it from coming back. The most common option is Cotrimoxazole once daily, though other medicines like dapsone may also be used. Preventive treatment continues until the immune system is strong enough to protect the body.
