Genital ulcer disease (GUD) is a common condition affecting both men and women. It is characterised by single or multiple sores on the genital area. These sores can be painful or painless and are often caused by infections that may be sexually transmitted. Recognising symptoms early and seeking timely care is crucial to prevent complications and protect sexual health.
If you notice sores, blisters, or ulcers on your genital area, you can get personalised advice from licensed doctors through Hope Plus. This service helps you get timely guidance on treatment, partner care, a
nd prevention strategies to avoid further infections.
Key Takeaways
- Genital sores can have different causes, including syphilis, herpes, chancroid, granuloma inguinale, or lymphogranuloma venereum.
- Some ulcers are painless, so it’s important to seek care even if the sore does not hurt.
- Early treatment is essential to prevent complications, protect sexual partners, and reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
- Partners may need evaluation and treatment to prevent reinfection.
Causes of Genital Ulcers
Genital ulcers can be caused by several organisms:
- Syphilis (Treponema pallidum): Often begins as a painless sore on the penis or labia, with multiple ulcers appearing in secondary stages.
- Genital herpes (Herpes simplex virus): Small, painful blisters or ulcers, often recurring.
- Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi): Large, irregular ulcers with painful, swollen lymph nodes.
- Granuloma inguinale (Donovania granulomatis): Ulcers that gradually enlarge and may cover a wide area.
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia strains): Causes genital sores and may affect lymph nodes.
Other conditions, like cancer of the penis or vulva, can sometimes mimic genital ulcers, especially in older adults.
Recognising the Symptoms
- Painful or painless sores on the penis, vulva, or genital area
- Blisters or vesicles that may recur
- Swollen or tender lymph nodes in the groin (buboes)
- Discharge or unusual odours associated with some infections
Diagnosis
Healthcare providers usually confirm genital ulcers through:
- History and physical examination: Checking for sores, blisters, and lymph node enlargement.
- Swab tests: Laboratory analysis of ulcer samples.
- Blood tests: Screening for syphilis and HIV.
It’s important not to puncture or drain swollen lymph nodes associated with genital ulcers, as this can worsen the infection.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause and may include:
- Genital herpes:
- Acyclovir 400 mg every 6 hours for 7 days
- Topical acyclovir cream may also be applied
- If ulcers persist, the course can be repeated
- Syphilis:
- Benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU as a single intramuscular dose
- If allergic to penicillin, Erythromycin 500 mg every 6 hours for 14 days
- Chancroid, granuloma inguinale, or mixed infections:
- Ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours for 3 days plus Benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU IM
- For penicillin allergy, Erythromycin 500 mg every 6 hours for 14 days
- Pregnant women avoid Ciprofloxacin; alternative antibiotics are used
- Persistent ulcers:
- If ulcers persist for more than 10 days despite treatment and partner care, further evaluation by a specialist is recommended.
Follow-Up and Prevention
- Treat sexual partners at the same time to prevent reinfection.
- Return to a healthcare provider if symptoms persist beyond the expected treatment period.
- Practise safe sexual behaviours, including consistent condom use.
- Early testing and treatment reduce the risk of HIV and other complications.
With early recognition, proper treatment, and partner care, genital ulcer disease can be effectively managed, protecting your health and sexual well-being.
