A traumatic spinal injury happens when the backbone (spine) is damaged because of an accident or strong impact. This injury can harm the spinal cord and the nerves, which may affect movement, sensation, and even control of body functions.
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Why Early Recognition is Important
Spotting a spinal injury quickly is very important. If the spine is not protected after the injury, further movement can cause more damage to the nerves, leading to permanent paralysis or loss of function.
Common Causes in Uganda
- Road traffic accidents
- Falls from heights
- Sports or work injuries
- Heavy blows to the back or neck
What to Expect in Treatment
- Immobilisation
- The first step is to keep the spine completely still to prevent further injury
- A rigid neck collar (for neck injuries) or a firm back support (for lower spine injuries) may be used
- The patient is moved very carefully to avoid bending or twisting the spine
- Relieving Pressure on the Spine (Decompression)
- Sometimes, pressure from broken bones, slipped discs, or swelling needs to be relieved so the nerves can recover
- This can be done without surgery, using traction devices that gently pull and align the spine
- In other cases, surgery may be needed to remove damaged discs or bone pieces pressing on the spinal cord. This is called spinal decompression surgery and can be done from the front or back of the spine, depending on the injury
Recovery and Rehabilitation
- After stabilising the spine, physiotherapy and rehabilitation help improve strength and mobility
- Recovery can be slow and may take months or years, depending on how serious the damage is
- Some people may not fully recover movement or sensation, but early and proper treatment gives the best chance of recovery
Preventing Spinal Injuries
- Always wear a seatbelt when in a vehicle
- Use helmets when riding motorcycles or bicycles
- Avoid carrying very heavy loads in risky ways
- Follow safety rules at work and during sports
If you suspect someone has a spinal injury, do not try to move them unless absolutely necessary. Get medical help immediately. The right action in the first few minutes can make a big difference in recovery.
